Cesium, gallium, and mercury are the only three metals that are liquid at or around room temperature. It is the most electropositive and alkaline element. Chemical PropertiesĬesium is silvery gold, soft ductile metal. They are produced during nuclear fission, and are Radioactiveįorms of cesium ( 134Cs and 137Cs) can also be found in theĮnvironment. Which contains between 5 and 32% cesium oxide. The most common commercial source of cesium is pollucite, Granites contain about 1 ppm cesiumĪnd sedimentary rocks contain approximately 4 ppm cesium. Occurring alkali metals as the isotope 133Cs. Melts at 28.41☌ (just below body temperature) and occurs inĮarth’s crust at 2.6 ppm. It is used in the most accurate atomic clocks. The element must be handled under argon atmosphere.Ĭesium was discovered in 1860 by Robert Bunsen and Gustav The element in pure form may be prepared by several methods: (i) electrolysis of fused cesium cyanide, (ii) thermal reduction of cesium chloride with calcium at elevated temperatures, and (iii) thermal decomposition of cesium azide. The radioactive Cs-37 has prospective applications in sterilization of wheat, flour, and potatoes.Ĭesium is obtained from its ore pollucite. Other applications are in photoelectric cells ion propulsion systems heat transfer fluid in power generators and atomic clocks. The concentration of cesium in the earth’s crust is estimated to be 3 mg/kg, and in sea water 0.3μg/L.Ĭesium is used as a getter in electron tubes. Pollucite, CsAlSi2O6, is a hydrated silicate of aluminum and cesium. It is found in the minerals pollucite, lepidolite, and the borate rhodizite. Cesium was discovered by Bunsen and Kirchoff in 1860.
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